Satellite instrumentation is the interdisciplinary research field dedicated to the conception, engineering, validation, and operational management of the scientific instruments and sensing payloads carried aboard satellites. This field investigates methods for acquiring data about Earth, space, and celestial objects from orbit, characterized by the engineering challenges of creating robust, reliable, and miniaturized instruments capable of operating in the harsh space environment, and is significant for enabling remote sensing, fundamental research, and various applications requiring a space-based vantage point.